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How to check nursing home violations

Inspection records are public, free, and specific — down to the date, the regulation cited, and how serious inspectors judged it. Most families never look, because the records are published in a format built for regulators rather than for people making a decision in a week.

Step 1: Find the facility's record

Search the facility by name or city in the search box on this site, or browse by state. Each page carries the full citation history from 2023 onward plus all-time counts, drawn directly from CMS's published inspection files. The same underlying data is on Medicare's Care Compare and in the CMS Provider Data Catalog.

Step 2: Read the severity code

Every citation carries a scope-and-severity letter from A to L. This single letter matters more than the number of citations:

LettersWhat it meansHow to weigh it
A–CNo actual harm, minimal violationCommon; look at patterns, not individual instances
D–FPotential for more than minimal harmThe bulk of citations. Watch for the same issue repeating
G–IActual harm occurredSerious. Read the detail and ask about it
J–LImmediate jeopardy — danger of serious injury or deathThe most severe. 4,419 facilities nationally have at least one on record

The second dimension is scope: isolated, pattern, or widespread. A widespread D can indicate a systemic failure more reliably than an isolated G.

Step 3: Look for the four patterns that matter

  • Repetition. The same deficiency cited across consecutive inspections means the correction plan did not work — a stronger signal than a single severe citation that was fixed.
  • Recency. A serious citation from four years ago under a previous administrator is different from one from last quarter.
  • Complaint-driven citations. Citations arising from complaint investigations mean someone was upset enough to call the state. Our facility pages label these separately.
  • Clusters around staffing. Citations for accidents, call-light response, and neglect tend to travel together and to track low staffing — compare the facility's nurse hours against the state median shown on each page.

Step 4: Check the extras that aren't citations

  • Abuse icon — CMS flags facilities cited for abuse; 1,435 facilities carry it nationally.
  • Special Focus Facility status — the roughly 528 facilities with the worst persistent records in the country, plus hundreds of candidates.
  • Federal fines and payment denials — dollar amounts and dates appear on each facility page.
  • The owner's other facilities — the single most under-used check. See the ownership group index.

Step 5: Ask about what you found

Bring the citation dates to the tour. "Your March inspection cited medication administration errors — what changed?" A good administrator will know the citation, explain the correction, and show you the plan. A defensive or vague answer is itself information.

For problems with a facility right now, contact your state's long-term care ombudsman — a free advocate for residents — or file a complaint with the state survey agency. Complaints trigger investigations, and those investigations become public records that help the next family.

Common questions

Are nursing home inspection reports public?

Yes. Federal law requires inspection results for Medicare and Medicaid certified nursing homes to be public. They are published by CMS, mirrored on Medicare's Care Compare, and reproduced with the citation detail on this site.

What is an immediate jeopardy citation?

A citation at scope-and-severity level J, K, or L, meaning inspectors found a situation that caused or was likely to cause serious injury, harm, impairment, or death. It is the most serious category and warrants direct questions to the facility.

How often are nursing homes inspected?

Certified nursing homes receive a standard health inspection roughly annually, with the exact interval varying, plus additional investigations whenever a complaint is filed. Facilities on the Special Focus list are inspected about twice as often.

What if the violations are old?

Weigh recency and repetition. An old, corrected citation under a previous operator matters less than a recent one, or the same deficiency appearing across multiple inspection cycles, which suggests the correction plan is not working.

Check a specific facility

Records for 14,693 nursing homes and 5,584 assisted living facilities: search by name or city · browse by state · by ownership group.

This guide is general information from public sources, not medical, legal, or financial advice. Program rules and dollar figures change annually and vary by state — verify with Medicare.gov, your state Medicaid agency, or a certified elder law attorney before acting.